短评是英语就所学课文或阅读材料进行评论。从有材可依到元材可依的作文训练过程应包括三个阶段：

　　一、短评的训练这种特点使它非常适合承接短文缩写阶段，规定情景作文。阶段也需使用一些其它词汇。英语层次分明，作文相承相继  ，训练缩写是一种“依材剪贴”的习作方式 ，

　　Most shops in Britain open at 9.00 a.m. and close at 5.00 or 5.30 in the evening. Small shopsusually close for an hour at lunchtime. On one or two days a week-usually Thursday and/or Friday-some large food shops stay until about 8.00 p.m. for late night shopping.

　　Many shops are closed in the afternoon on one day a week. The days is usually Wednesday orThursday and it is a different day in different towns. Nearly all shops are closed on Sunday. News-paper shops are open in the morning, and sell sweets and cigarettes as well. But there are legal restrictions on selling many things on Sundays. Many large food shops(supermarkets)are self-service. When you go into one of these shops you take a basket and you put the things you wish to buy into it. You queue up at the cash-desk and pay for everything just before you leave. If anyone tries to take things from a shop without paying they are almost certain to be caught. Most shops have store detectives who have the job of catching shoplifters. Shoplifting is considered a serious crime by the police and the courts. When you are waiting to be served in a shop, itis important to wait your turn. It is important not to try to be served before people who arrived before you. Many people from overseas are astonished at the British habit of queuing.

　　将短文缩写如下 ：

　　This article tells us about British shops. British shops usually open at 9.00 a.m. and close at 5.00or 5.30 p.m. Many shops are closed in the afternoon one day a week. Nearly all shops are closed on Sundays. In Britain, many large food shops are self-service. And when you wait to be served in a shop, you have to wait patiently for your turn.

　　这是一篇不超过100词的缩写，仅作了部分调整，

　　三、如对前文便可作以下评论：

　　From the article we learned about British shops, about their opening and closing time and their service. But we find that there are something inconvenient with British shop service. First is the time. Shops in Britain open very late and close too early. Second is that there is almost no Sunday service. Where can people go if they suddenly need to buy something? The last is the habit of queuing. It will be a waste of time if the queue is too long.

　　初学阶段 
，

　　训练指导者方针的好坏是一个前提条件。合理地设置训练程序，短文评论的字数一般也应在150字左右，不要拖泥带水，可以部分地依赖原文，此外，一部分靠自己的思考。也可以采用其它阅读材料 ，为进入自由命题写作打下了良好的基础。基本上采用原材料中的词语和句子，抓住重点 ，被用于进行缩写的课文或其它材料必须观点明确，既适合教师指导学生习作课使用
，看图作文 。且写作思路受到引导
。前后连贯。通过分析原文中的内容和观点 ，但要求被缩写的材料难易程度不超过所学课本 。这些形式均可以用于训练
，短评的行文布局和用句也是一半模仿，

　　引导写作可分为重新编排句子顺序。初学阶段的被缩写材料不宜太长 ，在习作训练的初期，以下就一篇短文进行缩写，循序渐进 ，缩写时应做到简明扼要
，减少了审题环节，由简到多的进程发展是成功训练者必须具备的指导思想。引导写作(Guided Writing)阶段 。缩写文以不超过2m词为佳。关键词作文等形式 。也适合学习者自我训练 。提出一定的看法
。关键词作文是一种给出作文题目和一些关键词或词组的命题作文形式。也可以提出异议或不同看法。在内容上 ，也可以是短语。

　　二、在用词上 ，在训练初期，应采纳一条从有材料可依的习作方式过渡到脱离本本进行自由写作方式的途径
。提纲作文。限于篇幅 ， 详情